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  2. Residual sodium carbonate index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual_Sodium_Carbonate...

    The RSC index is used to find the suitability of the water for irrigation in clay soils which have a high cation exchange capacity. When dissolved sodium in comparison with dissolved calcium and magnesium is high in water, clay soil swells or undergoes dispersion which drastically reduces its infiltration capacity. [1]

  3. Water retention curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_retention_curve

    In 1907, Edgar Buckingham created the first water retention curve. [2] It was measured and made for six soils varying in texture from sand to clay. The data came from experiments made on soil columns 48 inch tall, where a constant water level maintained about 2 inches above the bottom through periodic addition of water from a side tube.

  4. Atterberg limits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atterberg_limits

    The plasticity index is the size of the range of water contents where the soil exhibits plastic properties. The PI is the difference between the liquid and plastic limits (PI = LL-PL). Soils with a high PI tend to be clay, those with a lower PI tend to be silt, and those with a PI of 0 (non-plastic) tend to have little or no silt or clay.

  5. Soil thermal properties - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_thermal_properties

    One possible way of assessing soil thermal properties is the analysis of soil temperature variations versus depth Fourier's law, Q = − λ d T / d z {\displaystyle Q=-\lambda dT/dz\,} where Q is heat flux or rate of heat transfer per unit area J·m −2 ∙s −1 or W·m −2 , λ is thermal conductivity W·m −1 ∙K −1 ; dT / dz is the ...

  6. Sodium adsorption ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_adsorption_ratio

    The sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is an irrigation water quality parameter used in the management of sodium-affected soils.It is an indicator of the suitability of water for use in agricultural irrigation, as determined from the concentrations of the main alkaline and earth alkaline cations present in the water.

  7. Soil moisture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_moisture

    The amount of water already in the soil; Soil temperature. Warm soils take in water faster while frozen soils such as permafrost may not be able to absorb depending on the type of freezing. [37] Water infiltration rates range from 0.25 cm per hour for high clay soils to 2.5 cm per hour for sand and well stabilized and aggregated soil structures ...

  8. Parts-per notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parts-per_notation

    The quantity "1 ppm" can be used for a mass fraction if a water-borne pollutant is present at one-millionth of a gram per gram of sample solution. When working with aqueous solutions, it is common to assume that the density of water is 1.00 g/mL. Therefore, it is common to equate 1 kilogram of water with 1 L of water.

  9. Total dissolved solids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_dissolved_solids

    14] Water can be classified by the level of total dissolved solids (TDS) in the water: Fresh water: TDS is less than 1,000 ppm. Brackish water: TDS = 1,000 to 10,000 ppm. Saline water: TDS = 10,000 to 35,000 ppm. Hypersaline: TDS greater than 35,000 ppm. Drinking water generally has a TDS below 500 ppm.