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[4] [5] In an effort to challenge segregation in public K-12 schools, the state's first education segregation legal case was filed with the California Supreme Court on September 22, 1872, Ward v. Flood. [2] The plaintiff, Harriet Ward, had tried to enroll her daughter, Mary Frances in an all-white school but was denied.
The first branch of the NAACP in California was established in Los Angeles in 1913. Housing segregation was a common practice in the early 20th century. Many private property deeds explicitly banned owners from selling to anyone but whites. [19] The African American population did not significantly increase during the first Great Migration. [20]
Segregation was enforced across the U.S. for much of its history. Racial segregation follows two forms, de jure and de facto. De jure segregation mandated the separation of races by law, and was the form imposed by U.S. states in slave codes before the Civil War and by Black Codes and Jim Crow laws following the war, primarily in the Southern ...
July 27 – The Charleston, Arkansas, school board unanimously votes to end segregation in the school district. Ending segregation for first through twelfth grades, the Charleston school district was the first school district among the former Confederate States to desegregate. The schools opened for the new school year on August 23.
School segregation declined rapidly during the late 1960s and early 1970s. [2] Segregation appears to have increased since 1990. [ 2 ] The disparity in the average poverty rate in the schools whites attend and blacks attend is the single most important factor in the educational achievement gap between white and black students.
School segregation in the United States; Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project; Segregated prom; Shelley House (St. Louis, Missouri) Slavery during the American Civil War; Southern Manifesto; St James Episcopal Church (Baltimore, Maryland) Stanley Plan; Sundown town; List of sundown towns in the United States; Ossian Sweet
Pages in category "History of racism in California" The following 30 pages are in this category, out of 30 total. This list may not reflect recent changes.
De jure segregation was outlawed by the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair Housing Act of 1968. [12] In specific areas, however, segregation was barred earlier by the Warren Court in decisions such as the Brown v. Board of Education decision that overturned school segregation in the United States.