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Sodium stearate is produced as a major component of soap upon saponification of oils and fats. The percentage of the sodium stearate depends on the ingredient fats. Tallow is especially high in stearic acid content (as the triglyceride), whereas most fats only contain a few percent. The idealized equation for the formation of sodium stearate ...
Some soap-makers leave the glycerol in the soap. Others precipitate the soap by salting it out with sodium chloride. Skeletal formula of stearin, a triglyceride that is converted by saponification with sodium hydroxide into glycerol and sodium stearate. Fat in a corpse converts into adipocere, often called "grave wax".
A handmade soap bar Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical ingredient found in bar soaps Emulsifying action of soap on oil. Soap is a salt of a fatty acid (sometimes other carboxylic acids) used for cleaning and lubricating products as well as other applications. [1]
Stearin is used as a hardening agent in the manufacture of candles and soap. [8] It is mixed with a sodium hydroxide solution in water, creating a reaction which gives glycerin and sodium stearate, the main ingredient in most soap: C 3 H 5 (C 18 H 35 O 2) 3 + 3 NaOH → C 3 H 5 (OH) 3 + 3 C 18 H 35 OONa
In compounds, sodium is usually ionically bonded to water and anions and is viewed as a hard Lewis acid. [8] Two equivalent images of the chemical structure of sodium stearate, a typical soap. Most soaps are sodium salts of fatty acids. Sodium soaps have a higher melting temperature (and seem "harder") than potassium soaps. [7]
US Smarties, like many candies, contain calcium stearate, a metallic soap. Alkali metal and alkaline earth soaps are white solids. [1] The most commonly encountered are traditional household soaps, which are the fatty acid salts of sodium (hard soap) and potassium (soft soap).
With hard water, soap solutions form a white precipitate instead of producing lather, because the 2+ ions destroy the surfactant properties of the soap by forming a solid precipitate (the soap scum). A major component of such scum is calcium stearate, which arises from sodium stearate, the main component of soap:
Lithium grease in use. Lithium soap is a soap consisting of a lithium salt of a fatty acid. [1] [2] Sodium-based and potassium-based soaps are used as cleaning agents in domestic and industrial applications, whereas lithium soaps are used as components of lithium grease (white lithium).