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Energy drinks have the effects of caffeine and sugar, but there is little or no evidence that the wide variety of other ingredients have any effect. [3] Most effects of energy drinks on cognitive performance, such as increased attention and reaction speed, are primarily due to the presence of caffeine. [4]
It is included in many soft drinks, as well as a larger amount in energy drinks. Caffeine is the world's most widely used psychoactive drug and by far the most common stimulant. In North America, 90% of adults consume caffeine daily. [97] A few jurisdictions restrict the sale and use of caffeine.
Glucuronolactone is an ingredient used in some energy drinks [2] Although levels of glucuronolactone in energy drinks can far exceed those found in the rest of the diet. . Research into Glucuronolactone is too limited to assert claims about its safety [8] The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has concluded that it is unlikely that glucurono-γ-lactone would have any interaction with ...
Products containing caffeine include coffee, tea, soft drinks ("colas"), energy drinks, other beverages, chocolate, [239] caffeine tablets, other oral products, and inhalation products. According to a 2020 study in the United States, coffee is the major source of caffeine intake in middle-aged adults, while soft drinks and tea are the major ...
Drinking sugary soda regularly may increase the risk of cancer, as obesity is a known risk factor for various types of cancer. Additionally, the caramel coloring used in some sodas contains a ...
Lean or purple drank (known by numerous local and street names) is a polysubstance drink used as a recreational drug.It is prepared by mixing prescription-grade cough or cold syrup containing an opioid drug and an anti-histamine drug with a soft drink and sometimes hard candy.
In 2016, South Africa was the first country to legislate the maximum amount of salt in processed food. [61] The legislation was aimed at addressing the fact that 60% of salt in the diet was contributed to by processed foods, with 65% of all ethnic groups consuming sodium in excess of 6g/day, and 40% of young adults in excess of 9g/day. [62]
On the one hand, caffeine effects appear to be detrimental to short-term memory, working memory included, whereas the effects are somewhat positive for memory over the long term (for example, remembering something better many days later if caffeine was ingested during encoding as well as retrieval, as opposed to no caffeine [7]). Many of the ...