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Personality disorders are a type of mental disorder characterized by maladaptive thoughts and behaviors, and are split into three clusters. Cluster B includes antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder.
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Dimensional models are intended to reflect what constitutes personality disorder symptomology according to a spectrum, rather than in a dichotomous way.As a result of this they have been used in three key ways; firstly to try to generate more accurate clinical diagnoses, secondly to develop more effective treatments and thirdly to determine the underlying etiology of disorders.
There is also an additional category called personality difficulty , which can be used to describe personality traits that are problematic, but do not meet the diagnostic criteria for a PD. A personality disorder or difficulty can be specified by one or more prominent personality traits or patterns . The ICD-11 uses five trait domains:
Histrionic personality disorder; Dramatic behavior is a key marker of histrionic personality disorder: Specialty: Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry: Symptoms: Persistent attention seeking, dramatic behavior, rapidly shifting and shallow emotions, sexually provocative behavior, undetailed style of speech, and a tendency to consider relationships more intimate than they actually are.
The DSM-5 split PD-NOS into two diagnoses: Other Specified Personality Disorder and Unspecified Personality Disorder.They share the general criteria for personality disorders, but let clinicians specify why the presentation does not meet the criteria for any specific personality disorder (e.g. mixed personality features).
The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) is an inventory for personality traits devised by Cloninger et al. [1] It is closely related to and an outgrowth of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ), and it has also been related to the dimensions of personality in Zuckerman's alternative five and Eysenck's models [2] and those of the five factor model.
The most recent edition of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF), released in 1993, is the fifth edition (16PF5e) of the original instrument. [25] [26] The self-report instrument was first published in 1949; the second and third editions were published in 1956 and 1962, respectively; and the five alternative forms of the fourth edition were released between 1967 and 1969.