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Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development in organisms during their life span. It is a sub-discipline in medical genetics which focuses on the classification of congenital abnormalities in dysmorphology caused by teratogens and also in pharmacology and toxicology .
Teratology of fallot is typically treated by open heart surgery in the first year of life. [8] The timing of surgery depends on the baby's symptoms and size. [ 8 ] The procedure involves increasing the size of the pulmonary valve and pulmonary arteries and repairing the ventricular septal defect. [ 8 ]
Maternal impression, according to a long-discredited medical theory, was a phenomenon that explained the existence of birth defects and congenital disorders. The theory stated that an emotional stimulus experienced by a pregnant woman could influence the development of the fetus.
The research is conducted by using pregnant animals and exposing them to a certain chemical, medication, drug, pesticide, etc. throughout their pregnancy and then complete teratology on the fetuses to look for malformations. These malformations can be anything from a tissue malformation to a skeletal malformation.
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Progesterone causes many changes to the genitourinary system. A pregnant woman may experience an increase in the size of the kidneys and ureter due to the increase blood volume and vasculature. Later in pregnancy, the woman might develop physiological hydronephrosis and hydroureter, which are normal. [33]
James G. Wilson (1915–1987) was an embryologist and anatomist, known for his Six Principles of Teratology. In 1960, he co-founded The Teratology Society, and was since then one of its most active members.
Teratology and Drugs in Pregnancy (2008, Global Library of Women's Medicine, with Joe Leigh Simpson) Conception and Prenatal Development (2009, The Merck Manual Professional Edition) Strategies to Treat Nausea and Vomiting During Pregnancy (2011, Physician's Weekly)