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The Soviet invasion of Xinjiang (simplified Chinese: 苏联入侵新疆; traditional Chinese: 蘇聯入侵新疆) was a military campaign of the Soviet Union in the Chinese northwestern region of Xinjiang in 1934. White Russian forces assisted the Soviet Red Army. [3] [self-published source]
The Xinjiang conflict (Chinese: 新疆冲突, Pinyin: xīnjiāng chōngtú), also known as the East Turkistan conflict, Uyghur–Chinese conflict or Sino-East Turkistan conflict (as argued by the East Turkistan Government-in-Exile), [12] is an ethnic geopolitical conflict in what is now China's far-northwest autonomous region of Xinjiang, also known as East Turkistan.
At the time, Xinjiang was ruled by a coalition government based in Dihua (present-day Ürümqi), which consisted of Chinese Nationalists (Kuomintang, KMT) and the leadership of the former Second East Turkestan Republic (ETR), a satellite state of the Soviet Union which controlled the "Three Districts" in northern Xinjiang from 1944 to 1946 ...
The Xinjiang Wars (Chinese: 新疆戰爭) were a series of armed conflicts which took place within Xinjiang in the Republic of China during the Warlord Era, Chinese Civil War, and modern era. The wars also played an important role in the East Turkestan independence movement. Kumul Rebellion (1931–1934) Kirghiz rebellion (1932)
The East Turkestan Republic (ETR) was a satellite state of the Soviet Union in northern Xinjiang (East Turkestan) that existed from 1944 to 1946. It is often described as the Second East Turkestan Republic to differentiate it from the First East Turkestan Republic (1933–1934), but "second" was never a part of its official name.
Frustrated, Sheng turned to the Soviet Union in 1934. With Soviet support, Ma Hushan was defeated in 1937. Sheng turned Xinjiang into a Soviet protectorate and safe haven for the Chinese Communist Party. With Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, Sheng decided to rejoin the Kuomintang, expelling Soviet advisors and executing communists.
After the Sino-Soviet split in 1962, over 60,000 Uyghurs and Kazakhs defected from Xinjiang to the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, in response to Soviet propaganda which promised Xinjiang independence. Uyghur exiles later threatened China with rumors of a Uyghur "liberation army" in the thousands that were supposedly recruited from Sovietized ...
This led to the Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang and Ma Zhongying's retreat after the Battle of Tutung. Kamal Kaya Efendi , a former Ottoman Turkish military officer who was Ma Zhongying's chief of staff, was captured by Soviet agents in Kumul in 1934, but instead of being executed he was made Commissar for Road Construction in Xinjiang, possibly ...