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The term role model is credited to sociologist Robert K. Merton, [2] [3] who hypothesized that individuals compare themselves with reference groups of people who occupy the social role to which the individual aspires, [4] an example of which is the way young fans may idolize and imitate professional athletes or entertainment artists.
Robert King Merton was born on July 4, 1910, in Philadelphia as Meyer Robert Schkolnick [8] into a family of Yiddish-speaking Russian Jews who had immigrated to the United States in 1904. His mother was Ida Rasovskaya, an "unsynagogued" socialist who had freethinking radical sympathies.
Robert K. Merton, Social Theory and Social Structure, 1949; Ralf Dahrendorf, Homo sociologicus, 1958 (in German, many editions) Rose Laub Coser, "The Complexity of Roles as a Seedbed of Individual Autonomy", in: The Idea of Social Structure: Papers in Honor of Robert K. Merton, 1975; Ralph Linton, The Study of Man, Chapter 8, "Status and Role ...
Middle-range theory, developed by Robert K. Merton, is an approach to sociological theorizing aimed at integrating theory and empirical research. It is currently the de facto dominant approach to sociological theory construction, [ 1 ] especially in the United States.
Robert King Merton was an American sociologist who argued that the social structure of a society can encourage deviance to a large degree. Merton's theory borrows from Èmile Durkheim's theory of anomie, which argues that industrialization would fundamentally alter the function of society; ultimately, causing a breakdown of social ties, social norms, and the social order.
Merton states "just as the same item may have multiple functions, so may the same function be diversely fulfilled by alternative items." [23] This notion of functional alternatives is important because it reduces the tendency of functionalism to imply approval of the status quo. Merton's theory of deviance is derived from Durkheim's idea of ...
Robert K. Merton describes "role set" as the "complement of social relationships in which persons are involved because they occupy a particular social status." [2] For instance, the role of a doctor has a role set comprising colleagues, nurses, patients, hospital administrators, etc. The term "role set" was coined by Merton in 1957.
Robert Cox Merton (born July 31, 1944) is an American economist, Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences laureate, and professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management, known for his pioneering contributions to continuous-time finance, especially the first continuous-time option pricing model, the Black–Scholes–Merton model.