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The US Institute of Medicine (IOM) established Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for calcium in 1997 and updated those values in 2011. [6] See table. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) uses the term Population Reference Intake (PRIs) instead of RDAs and sets slightly different numbers: ages 4–10 800 mg, ages 11–17 1150 mg, ages 18–24 1000 mg, and >25 years 950 mg. [10]
Calcium regulation in the human body. [6]The plasma ionized calcium concentration is regulated within narrow limits (1.3–1.5 mmol/L). This is achieved by both the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland, and the parathyroid glands constantly sensing (i.e. measuring) the concentration of calcium ions in the blood flowing through them.
Calcium makes up 920 to 1200 grams of adult body weight, with 99% of it contained in bones and teeth. This is about 1.5% of body weight. [2] Phosphorus occurs in amounts of about 2/3 of calcium, and makes up about 1% of a person's body weight. [10]
Calcium is the only element with two primordial doubly magic isotopes. The experimental lower limits for the half-lives of 40 Ca and 46 Ca are 5.9 × 10 21 years and 2.8 × 10 15 years respectively. [30] Apart from the practically stable 48 Ca, the longest lived radioisotope of calcium is 41 Ca.
The following list identifies in rank order the possible biological roles of the chemical elements, ranging from a score of 5 for elements essential to all living things, to a score of 1 for elements that have no known effects on living things. There are also letter scores for special functions of the elements.
They contribute to osmotic pressure of body fluids as well as performing a number of other important functions. Below is a list of some of the most important ions for living things as well as examples of their functions: Ca 2+ – calcium ions are a component of bones and teeth. They also function as biological messengers, as do most of the ...