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A parallel projection is a particular case of projection in mathematics and graphical projection in technical drawing. Parallel projections can be seen as the limit of a central or perspective projection, in which the rays pass through a fixed point called the center or viewpoint, as this point is moved towards
Because a parallel projection and a scaling preserves ratios one can map an arbitrary point = (,,) by the axonometric procedure below. Pohlke's theorem can be stated in terms of linear algebra as: Any affine mapping of the 3-dimensional space onto a plane can be considered as the composition of a similarity and a parallel projection.
Cylindrical equal-area projection with standard parallels at 30°N/S and an aspect ratio of (3/4)π ≈ 2.356. 2002 Hobo–Dyer: Cylindrical Equal-area Mick Dyer: Cylindrical equal-area projection with standard parallels at 37.5°N/S and an aspect ratio of 1.977. Similar are Trystan Edwards with standard parallels at 37.4° and Smyth equal ...
Given the X, Y and Z coordinates of P, R, S and U, projections 1 and 2 are drawn to scale on the X-Y and X-Z planes, respectively. To get a true view (length in the projection is equal to length in 3D space) of one of the lines: SU in this example, projection 3 is drawn with hinge line H 2,3 parallel to S 2 U 2.
The geometrical definition of a projected area is: "the rectilinear parallel projection of a surface of any shape onto a plane". This translates into the equation: A projected = ∫ A cos β d A {\displaystyle A_{\text{projected}}=\int _{A}\cos {\beta }\,dA} where A is the original area, and β {\displaystyle \beta } is the angle between ...
1. Projections of two sets of parallel lines lying in some plane π A appear to converge, i.e. the vanishing point associated with that pair, on a horizon line, or vanishing line H formed by the intersection of the image plane with the plane parallel to π A and passing through the pinhole.
A projective plane of order N is a Steiner S(2, N + 1, N 2 + N + 1) system (see Steiner system). Conversely, one can prove that all Steiner systems of this form (λ = 2) are projective planes. The number of mutually orthogonal Latin squares of order N is at most N − 1. N − 1 exist if and only if there is a projective plane of order N.
Orthographic projection (also orthogonal projection and analemma) [a] is a means of representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions.Orthographic projection is a form of parallel projection in which all the projection lines are orthogonal to the projection plane, [2] resulting in every plane of the scene appearing in affine transformation on the viewing surface.