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An attic ladder (US) or loft ladder (UK) is a retractable ladder that is installed into an attic door/access panel. They are used as an inexpensive and compact alternative to having a stairway that ascends to the attic of a building. They are useful in areas with space constraints that would hinder the installation of a standard staircase.
This means that if there is a 4" (100 mm) gutter projecting from the side of a building, a fixed ladder would have to have standoff brackets that were at least 11" (7" + 4") (280 mm) in length. Cages: Cages are optional for fixed ladders with a floor to floor elevation of less than 20' (6100 mm). They are often available for ladders with ...
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A double floor is a floor framed with joists supported by larger timbers.. In traditional timber framing there may be a single set of joists which carry both a floor and ceiling called a single floor (single joist floor, single framed floor) or two sets of joists, one carrying the floor and another carrying the ceiling called a double floor (double framed floor).
Trimmers are installed parallel to the primary floor or ceiling joists and support headers, which run perpendicular to the primary joists. [1] [2] It can also refer to a jack stud that supports a header above a window or door opening. Traditionally, a stud which was less than full length was sometimes referred to as a cripple. [3] [4] [5]
This type of truss is seen in a framed roof consisting of rafters and a ceiling joist, [13] and in other mechanical structures such as bicycles and aircraft. Because of the stability of this shape and the methods of analysis used to calculate the forces within it, a truss composed entirely of triangles is known as a simple truss. [ 14 ]
Ladder stabilizers are also available to increase the ladder's grip on the ground. One of the first ladder stabilizers or ladder feet was offered in 1936 and today they are standard equipment on most large ladders. [8] A ladder standoff, or stay, is a device fitted to the top of a ladder to hold it away from the wall.
Wall framing in house construction includes the vertical and horizontal members of exterior walls and interior partitions, both of bearing walls and non-bearing walls. . These stick members, referred to as studs, wall plates and lintels (sometimes called headers), serve as a nailing base for all covering material and support the upper floor platforms, which provide the lateral strength along a