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The fecal elastase test measures the concentration of the elastase-3B enzyme found in fecal matter with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay . Results of this test can give a good indication of exocrine pancreatic status, and the test is less invasive and expensive than the current "gold standard" , secretin-cholecystokinin test. [ 9 ]
The fecal elastase test is a less cumbersome test that has replaced the 72-hour fecal fat test; in the fecal elastase test, pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (enzyme supplementation, the treatment for EPI) does not have to be stopped for or during fecal elastase testing. [25]
Pancreatic elastase is a compact globular protein with a hydrophobic core. This enzyme is formed by three subunits. Each subunit binds one calcium ion ().There are three important metal-binding sites in amino acids 77, 82, 87. [4]
A fecal pH test may be used to determine lactose intolerance or the presence of an infection. [13] Steatorrhea can be diagnosed using a fecal fat test, which checks for the malabsorption of fat. [14] Faecal elastase levels are becoming the mainstay of pancreatitis diagnosis.
In molecular biology, elastase is an enzyme from the class of proteases (peptidases) that break down proteins, [1] specifically one that can break down elastin. In other words, the name only refers to the substrate specificity (i.e. what proteins it can digest), not to any kind of evolutionary grouping.
The fecal immunochemical test (FIT) is a diagnostic technique that examines stool samples for traces of non-visible blood, which could potentially indicate conditions including bowel cancer. [1] Symptoms which could be caused by bowel cancer and suggest a FIT include a change in bowel habit, anaemia , unexplained weight loss, and abdominal pain .
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