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Prior to the NIHSS, during the late 1980s, several stroke-deficit rating scales were in use (e.g., University of Cincinnati scale, Canadian neurological scale, the Edinburgh-2 coma scale, and the Oxbury initial severity scale). The NIHSS is composed of 11 items, each of which scores a specific ability between a 0 and 4.
The scale was originally introduced in 1957 by Dr. John Rankin of Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland as a 5-level scale ranging from 1 to 5. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It was then modified by either van Swieten et al. [ 5 ] or perhaps Prof. C. Warlow's group at Western General Hospital in Edinburgh for use in the UK-TIA study in the late 1980s to include ...
The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (abbreviated CPSS) is a system used to diagnose a potential stroke in a prehospital setting. [1] It tests three signs for abnormal findings which may indicate that the patient is having a stroke.
The instruments at this time with most evidence of validity were the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) and the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS). [ 3 ] Studies using FAST have demonstrated variable diagnostic accuracy of strokes by paramedics and emergency medical technicians with positive predictive values between 64% and 77%.
The Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (abbreviated LAPSS) is a method of identifying potential stroke patients in a pre-hospital setting. [ 1 ] Screening criteria
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APACHE II ("Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II") is a severity-of-disease classification system, [1] one of several ICU scoring systems.It is applied within 24 hours of admission of a patient to an intensive care unit (ICU): an integer score from 0 to 71 is computed based on several measurements; higher scores correspond to more severe disease and a higher risk of death.