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Rodents have been employed in biomedical experimentation from the 1650s. [1] Rodent studies up to the early 19th century were mainly physiological or toxicological.The first rodent behavioral study was carried out in 1822, a purely observational study [2], while quantitative rodent behavioral testing began in the late 19th century [1] [2].
A Wistar laboratory rat. The Three Rs (3Rs) are guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in product testing and scientific research.They were first described by W. M. S. Russell and R. L. Burch in 1959. [1]
Animal testing, science, medicine, animal welfare, animal rights, ethics Animal testing , also known as animal experimentation , animal research , and in vivo testing , is the use of non-human animals , such as model organisms , in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study.
The specific voluntary crowding of rats to which the term "behavioral sink" refers is thought to have resulted from the earlier involuntary crowding: individual rats became so used to the proximity of others while eating that they began to associate feeding with the company of other rats. Calhoun eventually found a way to prevent this by ...
Animals, on the other hand, can mature quickly. Rats, for example, have a much quicker growth rate "From birth to adult, rats take about three weeks to mature and begin fending for themselves. The rodents reach sexual maturity in about five weeks and begin mating soon after to produce the next generation to start the rat life cycle over again".
Laboratory rats or lab rats are strains of the rat subspecies Rattus norvegicus domestica (Domestic Norwegian rat) which are bred and kept for scientific research. While less commonly used for research than laboratory mice , rats have served as an important animal model for research in psychology and biomedical science [ 1 ] , and "lab rat" is ...
It shouldn’t be too much to ask for ethical and moral behavior from politicians. I believe in my local representatives, and I want to believe in my president. So, no matter what party you may ...
Animal ethics is a branch of ethics which examines human-animal relationships, the moral consideration of animals and how nonhuman animals ought to be treated. The subject matter includes animal rights, animal welfare, animal law, speciesism, animal cognition, wildlife conservation, wild animal suffering, [1] the moral status of nonhuman animals, the concept of nonhuman personhood, human ...