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In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry between the three sides of a right triangle.It states that the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the other two sides.
Technically, it should be called the principal square root of 2, to distinguish it from the negative number with the same property. Geometrically, the square root of 2 is the length of a diagonal across a square with sides of one unit of length; this follows from the Pythagorean theorem. It was probably the first number known to be irrational. [1]
The square root is multivalued. One value can be chosen by convention as the principal value; in the case of the square root the non-negative value is the principal value, but there is no guarantee that the square root given as the principal value of the square of a number will be equal to the original number (e.g. the principal square root of ...
In a right triangle there are two inscribed squares, one touching the right angle of the triangle and the other lying on the opposite side. An obtuse triangle has only one inscribed square, with a side coinciding with part of the triangle's longest side. [38] An inscribed square can cover at most half the area of the triangle it is inscribed ...
By the Wallace–Bolyai–Gerwien theorem, a square can be cut into parts and rearranged into a triangle of equal area. In geometry , the Wallace–Bolyai–Gerwien theorem , [ 1 ] named after William Wallace , Farkas Bolyai and P. Gerwien , is a theorem related to dissections of polygons .
The propositions in Book I concern the properties of triangles and parallelograms, including for example that parallelograms with the same base and in the same parallels are equal and that any triangle with the same base and in the same parallels has half the area of these parallelograms, and a construction for a parallelogram of the same area ...
The oldest and most elementary definitions are based on the geometry of right triangles and the ratio between their sides. The proofs given in this article use these definitions, and thus apply to non-negative angles not greater than a right angle. For greater and negative angles, see Trigonometric functions.
Take the square to be the unit square with vertices at (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0) and (1, 1). If there is a dissection into n triangles of equal area, then the area of each triangle is 1/n. Colour each point in the square with one of three colours, depending on the 2-adic valuation of its coordinates.