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In mathematics, the Pythagorean theorem or Pythagoras' theorem is a fundamental relation in Euclidean geometry between the three sides of a right triangle.It states that the area of the square whose side is the hypotenuse (the side opposite the right angle) is equal to the sum of the areas of the squares on the other two sides.
A square can be divided into an even number of triangles of equal area (left), but into an odd number of only approximately equal area triangles (right). Monsky's proof combines combinatorial and algebraic techniques and in outline is as follows: Take the square to be the unit square with vertices at (0, 0), (0, 1), (1, 0) and (1, 1).
In a right triangle there are two inscribed squares, one touching the right angle of the triangle and the other lying on the opposite side. An obtuse triangle has only one inscribed square, with a side coinciding with part of the triangle's longest side. [38] An inscribed square can cover at most half the area of the triangle it is inscribed ...
The propositions in Book I concern the properties of triangles and parallelograms, including for example that parallelograms with the same base and in the same parallels are equal and that any triangle with the same base and in the same parallels has half the area of these parallelograms, and a construction for a parallelogram of the same area ...
Mathematically, this can be written as + =, where a is the length of one leg, b is the length of another leg, and c is the length of the hypotenuse. [ 2 ] For example, if one of the legs of a right angle has a length of 3 and the other has a length of 4, then their squares add up to 25 = 9 + 16 = 3 × 3 + 4 × 4.
By the Wallace–Bolyai–Gerwien theorem, a square can be cut into parts and rearranged into a triangle of equal area. In geometry , the Wallace–Bolyai–Gerwien theorem , [ 1 ] named after William Wallace , Farkas Bolyai and P. Gerwien , is a theorem related to dissections of polygons .
The square root is multivalued. One value can be chosen by convention as the principal value; in the case of the square root the non-negative value is the principal value, but there is no guarantee that the square root given as the principal value of the square of a number will be equal to the original number (e.g. the principal square root of ...
The reverse triangle inequality is an equivalent alternative formulation of the triangle inequality that gives lower bounds instead of upper bounds. For plane geometry, the statement is: [19] Any side of a triangle is greater than or equal to the difference between the other two sides. In the case of a normed vector space, the statement is: