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The Evangelical Dictionary of Theology illustrates the leading role that Peter played among the Apostles, speaking up on matters that concern them all, being called by Jesus by a name linking him with the rock on which Jesus would build his church, being charged with pastoring the flock of Christ, and taking the leading role in the initial church.
In line with the norm of Roman law that a person's legal rights and duties passed to his heir, Pope Leo (440–461) taught that he, as Peter's representative, succeeded to the power and authority of Peter, and he implied that it was through Peter that the other apostles received from Christ strength and stability. [46]
Pope Paul VI acknowledged with regret that "the primacy of honor and jurisdiction which Christ bestowed on the Apostle Peter, and which We have inherited as his Successor" is regarded as an obstacle to ecumenical reconciliation, but could not see grounds for abandoning the principle of a supreme pastoral office within the church.
The church teaches that infallibility is a charism entrusted by Christ to the whole church, whereby the Pope, as "head of the college of bishops", enjoys papal infallibility. [7] This charism is the supreme degree of participating in Christ's divine authority, [ 8 ] which, in the New Covenant , so as to safeguard the faithful from defection and ...
The primacy of the Bishop of Rome over the whole Catholic Church is derived from the pope's status as successor to Peter as "Prince of the Apostles" and as "Vicar of Christ" (Vicarius Christi). The First Vatican Council defined papal primacy in the sense of papal supremacy as an essential institution of the Church that can never be relinquished.
Peter holds the Keys of Heaven. Christ Handing the Keys to St Peter, by Pietro Perugino (1481–1482) To better understand what Christ meant, St. Basil elaborates: [223] Though Peter be a rock, yet he is not a rock as Christ is. For Christ is the true unmoveable rock of himself, Peter is unmoveable by Christ the rock.
This is an incomplete list of papal bulls, listed by the year in which each was issued. The decrees of some papal bulls were often tied to the circumstances of time and place, and may have been adjusted, attenuated, or abrogated by subsequent popes as situations changed.
Saint Peter, the first Pope, with the Keys of Heaven.By Francesco del Cossa, currently at the Pinacoteca di Brera.. Papacy in early Christianity was the period in papal history between 30 AD, when according to Catholic doctrine, Saint Peter effectively assumed his pastoral role as the Visible Head of the Church, until the pontificate of Miltiades, in 313, when Peace in the Church began.