Search results
Results From The WOW.Com Content Network
Waldo Tobler in front of the Newberry Library. Chicago, November 2007. The First Law of Geography, according to Waldo Tobler, is "everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things." [1] This first law is the foundation of the fundamental concepts of spatial dependence and spatial autocorrelation and is utilized specifically for the inverse distance ...
Spatial dependence is the spatial relationship of ... Spatial autocorrelation that is more positive than expected from random indicate the clustering of similar ...
[1] [2] Spatial autocorrelation is characterized by a correlation in a signal among nearby locations in space. Spatial autocorrelation is more complex than one-dimensional autocorrelation because spatial correlation is multi-dimensional (i.e. 2 or 3 dimensions of space) and multi-directional.
The small-angle X-ray scattering intensity of a nanostructured system is the Fourier transform of the spatial autocorrelation function of the electron density. In surface science and scanning probe microscopy , autocorrelation is used to establish a link between surface morphology and functional characteristics.
Indicators of spatial association are statistics that evaluate the existence of clusters in the spatial arrangement of a given variable. For instance, if we are studying cancer rates among census tracts in a given city local clusters in the rates mean that there are areas that have higher or lower rates than is to be expected by chance alone; that is, the values occurring are above or below ...
Induced spatial autocorrelation (or 'induced spatial dependence') arises from the species response to the spatial structure of exogenous (external) factors, which are themselves spatially autocorrelated. [7] An example of this would be the winter habitat range of deer, which use conifers for heat retention and forage.
The concept of a spatial weight is used in spatial analysis to describe neighbor relations between regions on a map. [1] If location i {\displaystyle i} is a neighbor of location j {\displaystyle j} then w i j ≠ 0 {\displaystyle w_{ij}\neq 0} otherwise w i j = 0 {\displaystyle w_{ij}=0} .
Spatial statistical models (aka geographically weighted models, or merely spatial models) like the geographically weighted regressions (GWRs), SNNs, etc., are spatially tailored (a-spatial/classic) statistical models, so to learn and model the deterministic components of the spatial variability (i.e. spatial dependence/autocorrelation, spatial heterogeneity, spatial association/cross ...