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National Hero of Indonesia (Indonesian: Pahlawan Nasional Indonesia) is the highest-level title awarded in Indonesia. [1] It is posthumously given by the Government of Indonesia for actions which are deemed to be heroic, defined as "actual deeds which can be remembered and exemplified for all time by other citizens" [a] or "extraordinary service furthering the interests of the state and people".
Indonesia : leadership and national security perceptions (1987) Saya adalah orang yang berhutang (1990) Membuktikan ketidakbenaran suatu mitos : menelusuri makna seorang prajurit generasi pembebas bagi masa depan masyarakat, bangsa dan negara (1991) Released in English in 1996 as The fallacy of a myth; Iman Kristen dan Pancasila (1995)
The Reformasi of 1998 led to changes in Indonesia's various governmental institutions, including the structures of the judiciary, legislature, and executive office. Generally, the fall of Suharto in 1998 is traced from events starting in 1996, when forces opposed to the New Order began to rally around Megawati Sukarnoputri , head of the PDI and ...
"The Banteng Council in particular and the people of Central Sumatra in general have no wish to build a State within a State, because relations between the Regional and the Central Government of the Republic of Indonesia will certainly return to normal when there is a Cabinet that can eliminate all the feelings of confusion, tension and ...
Reformasi (Indonesia), a movement to dethrone Suharto as President in May 1998 and the post-Suharto era in Indonesia that began immediately after; Reformasi (Malaysia), which was initiated in September 1998 by former Malaysian Deputy Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, immediately after he was sacked by former Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad
Sutan Sjahrir was born on 5 March 1909, in Padang Panjang, West Sumatra.He came from an ethnic-Minangkabau family, from what is today Koto Gadang, Agam Regency. [2]His father, Muhammad Rasyad Maharajo Sutan, served as the Hoofd or Chief public prosecutor at the Landraad in Medan.
Idham Chalid was born on August 27, 1921, in Satui, Tanah Bumbu regency, in the southeast portion of South Kalimantan.He is the eldest of five children. His father was Muhammad Chalid, a person from Amuntai, about 200 kilometers from Banjarmasin.
Ratulangi (right) with his cousin in 1910. The son of Jozias Ratulangi and Augustina Gerungan, both from wealthy, well-respected Minahasa families, Sam Ratulangi was born on 5 November 1890 in Tondano in North Sulawesi, which at the time was a part of the Dutch East Indies. [1]