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They are the opposite of pioneer species, also known as ruderal, fugitive, opportunistic or R-selected species, in the sense that climax species are good competitors but poor colonizers, whereas pioneer species are good colonizers but poor competitors. [5] Given the prevailing ecological conditions, climax species dominate the climax community.
Some lichens grow on rocks without soil, so may be among the first of life forms, and break down the rocks into soil for plants. [11] Since some uninhabited land may have thin, poor quality soils with few nutrients, pioneer species are often hardy plants with adaptations such as long roots, root nodes containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and leaves that employ transpiration.
Pioneer commonly refers to a person who is among the first at something that is new to a community. A pioneer as a settler is among the first settling at a place that ...
Belenois aurota, the pioneer [2] [3] or pioneer white [4] or caper white, [3] is a small to medium-sized butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the yellows and whites, which is found in South Asia and Africa. [3]
An antonym is one of a pair of words with opposite meanings. Each word in the pair is the antithesis of the other. A word may have more than one antonym. There are three categories of antonyms identified by the nature of the relationship between the opposed meanings.
An unpaired word is one that, according to the usual rules of the language, would appear to have a related word but does not. [1] Such words usually have a prefix or suffix that would imply that there is an antonym, with the prefix or suffix being absent or opposite.
Belenois aurota (Fabricius, 1793) – brown-veined white, African caper white, or pioneer white; Belenois creona (Cramer, 1776) – African common white or African caper; Belenois gidica (Godart, 1819) – African veined white or pointed caper; Species group pseudohuphina: Belenois margaritacea Sharpe, 1891 – Margarita's caper white
Sub-groups (and synonyms) Proportion of UK population (as of October 2014) [7] Pioneer group – inner-directed: Pioneers are motivated by self-realisation. Their views are governed by values of collectivism and fairness. In their personal lives they are ambitious, but seek internal fulfilment rather than the esteem of others.