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The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), also known as Indian Affairs (IA), [2] is a United States federal agency within the Department of the Interior.It is responsible for implementing federal laws and policies related to Native Americans and Alaska Natives, and administering and managing over 55,700,000 acres (225,000 km 2) of reservations held in trust by the U.S. federal government for ...
In 1970, President Richard Nixon established the federal government's Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). [51] In 1974, the EPA became the first U.S. federal agency to release an Indian Policy, which established the model of environmental federalism operational today.
After the Navajo return from Bosque Redondo in 1868, listed criminal offenses were handled by the US Indian Agent of the Bureau of Indian Affairs with support of the U.S. Army, while lesser disputes remained under Navajo control. In 1892, BIA Agent David L. Shipley established the Navajo Court of Indian Offenses and appointed judges. [32]
The first religious center of an Indian religion to be established in the U.S. was a Sikh Gurudwara in Stockton, California in 1912. Today there are many Sikh Gurudwaras, Hindu temples, Muslim mosques, Christian churches, and Buddhist and Jain temples in all 50 states.
[53] [54] By 1832, the federal government established a smallpox vaccination program for Native Americans (The Indian Vaccination Act of 1832). It was the first federal program created to address the health problems of Native Americans. [55] [56]
Also in Anadarko is the Southern Plains Indian Museum, which features highly-skilled arts and crafts of contemporary and historic artists from both the local Plains tribes, as well as other American Indians relocated to present-day Oklahoma in the 19th century, such as the Delaware, Caddo, Southeastern Woodlands tribes, and others. The museum ...
The Seminole People, originally from the present-day state of Florida, signed the Treaty of Payne's Landing in 1832, in response to the 1830 Indian Removal Act, that forced the tribes to move to Indian Territory in present-day Oklahoma. In October 1832, a delegation arrived in Indian Territory and conferred with the Creek Nation tribe that had ...
The Assault on Assimilation: John Collier and the Origins of Indian Policy Reform. (University of New Mexico Press, 1963) Kelly, William Henderson, ed. Indian Affairs and the Indian Reorganization Act: The Twenty Year Record (University of Arizona, 1954) Koppes, Clayton R. "From New Deal to Termination: Liberalism and Indian Policy, 1933-1953."