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  2. Adaptation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptation

    All adaptations have a downside: horse legs are great for running on grass, but they cannot scratch their backs; mammals' hair helps temperature, but offers a niche for ectoparasites; the only flying penguins do is under water. Adaptations serving different functions may be mutually destructive. Compromise and makeshift occur widely, not ...

  3. Organisms at high altitude - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisms_at_high_altitude

    Among domesticated animals, yaks (Bos grunniens) are the highest dwelling animals of the world, living at 3,000–5,000 m (9,800–16,400 ft). The yak is the most important domesticated animal for Tibet highlanders in Qinghai Province of China, as the primary source of milk, meat and fertilizer.

  4. Climatic adaptation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climatic_adaptation

    Many species have varying levels of climatic adaptation. Differing average annual temperatures can have varying effects on a population's average body temperature, metabolic rate, or body size. But the actual effect of climatic adaptation depends greatly on the species in question and often the amount of genetic variability within that species.

  5. Intertidal ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertidal_ecology

    Organisms living in this zone have a highly variable and often hostile environment, and have evolved various adaptations to cope with and even exploit these conditions. One easily visible feature of intertidal communities is vertical zonation , where the community is divided into distinct vertical bands of specific species going up the shore.

  6. Xerocole - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xerocole

    The fennec fox's large ears help keep it cool: when the blood vessels dilate, blood from the body cycles in and dissipates over the expanded surface area. [1]A xerocole (from Greek xēros / ˈ z ɪ r oʊ s / 'dry' and Latin col(ere) 'to inhabit'), [2] [3] [4] is a general term referring to any animal that is adapted to live in a desert.

  7. Rotating locomotion in living systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_locomotion_in...

    A wheeled buffalo figurine—probably a children's toy—from Magna Graecia in archaic Greece [1]. Several organisms are capable of rolling locomotion. However, true wheels and propellers—despite their utility in human vehicles—do not play a significant role in the movement of living things (with the exception of the corkscrew-like flagella of many prokaryotes).

  8. Acclimatization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acclimatization

    Acclimatization occurs in a short period of time (hours to weeks), and within the organism's lifetime (compared to adaptation, which is evolution, taking place over many generations). This may be a discrete occurrence (for example, when mountaineers acclimate to high altitude over hours or days) or may instead represent part of a periodic cycle ...

  9. Arboreal locomotion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arboreal_locomotion

    Some arboreal animals need to be able to move from tree to tree in order to find food and shelter. To be able to get from tree to tree, animals have evolved various adaptations. In some areas trees are close together and can be crossed by simple brachiation. In other areas, trees are not close together and animals need to have specific ...