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Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), also known as B-type natriuretic peptide, is a hormone secreted by cardiomyocytes in the heart ventricles in response to stretching caused by increased ventricular blood volume. [5] BNP is one of the three natriuretic peptides, in addition to atrial natriuretic peptide and C-type natriuretic peptide ( CNP). [6]
There is no level of BNP that perfectly separates patients with and without heart failure. [14] In screening for congenital heart disease in pediatric patients, an NT-proBNP cut-off value of 91 pg/mL could differentiate an acyanotic heart disease (ACNHD) patient from a healthy patient with a sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 42%. [15]
The natriuretic peptide CNP was initially discovered in pig brain extracts. Most CNP is found in the brain, although it can also be found in chondrocytes and the blood vessel lining cells. The human gene for CNP (NPPC), in contrast to the genes for ANP and BNP, is located on chromosome 2 and consists of just two exons and one intron. [3]
“This is important because many people assume that expensive, invasive, and time-consuming blood tests, brain scans, or other so-called ‘biomarkers’ are necessary and important for ...
The biological half-life of BNP, however, is twice as long as that of ANP, and that of NT-proBNP is even longer, making these peptides better choices than ANP for diagnostic blood testing. In addition to the mammalian natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP , CNP ), other natriuretic peptides with similar structure and properties have been isolated ...
Doing brain surgery this way allows the operating team to check in with the patient and make sure that damage is not being done to the patient’s speech, vision, or motor skills. 5. Your ...
A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, [1] but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging.
For the past three millennia, there have been attempts to determine the link between damage to specific areas of the brain and behavioural differences. However, the first systematic neuropsychological assessment and a battery of the behavioural tasks to investigate specific aspects of behavioural regulation was developed by Alexander Luria in ...