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Initial treatment of an overdose involves supporting the person's breathing and providing oxygen to reduce the risk of hypoxia. [10] Naloxone is then recommended to those who cannot reverse the opioid's effects through breathing. [10] [3] Giving naloxone via nasal administration or as an injection into a muscle has shown to be equally effective ...
Opioids, such as fentanyl, morphine, and oxycodone, are used to treat post-surgery pain and chronic pain. [6] Opioids work by affecting the brain cells and reducing the perception of pain. [7] Other side effects include euphoria, mood changes, and the clouding or complete loss of consciousness. [8]
Like methadone, Suboxone blocks both the effects of heroin withdrawal and an addict’s craving and, if used properly, does it without causing intoxication. Unlike methadone, it can be prescribed by a certified family physician and taken at home, meaning a recovering addict can lead a normal life, without a daily early-morning commute to a clinic.
This requires them to increase their drug dosage to maintain the benefit, and that in turn also increases the unwanted side effects. [78] Long-term opioid use can cause opioid-induced hyperalgesia, which is a condition in which the patient has increased sensitivity to pain. [101] All of the opioids can cause side effects. [70]
Morphine and heroin also produced higher rates of euphoria and other positive subjective effects when compared to these other opioids. [47] The choice of heroin and morphine over other opioids by former drug addicts may also be because heroin is an ester of morphine and morphine prodrug , essentially meaning they are identical drugs in vivo .
A drug overdose (overdose or OD) is the ingestion or application of a drug or other substance in quantities much greater than are recommended. [2] [3] Typically the term is applied for cases when a risk to health is a potential result. [2] An overdose may result in a toxic state or death. [3]
According to the Drug Enforcement Administration, the drug is 100 times more powerful than morphine, and 30-50 times more powerful than heroin. Fentanyl abuse often results in overdoses that can ...
Men are at higher risk for opioid use and dependency than women, [205] [206] and men also account for more opioid overdoses than women, although this gap is closing. [205] Women are more likely to be prescribed pain relievers, be given higher doses, use them for longer durations, and become dependent upon them faster. [207]