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Russell's viper, Daboia russelii Dilute Russell's viper venom time (dRVVT) is a laboratory test often used for detection of lupus anticoagulant (LA). It is an assessment of the time for blood to clot in the presence of a diluted amount of venom from Russell's viper (Daboia russelii), a highly venomous snake native to the Indian subcontinent and named after the herpetologist Patrick Russell.
Kaolin clotting time (KCT) is a sensitive test to detect lupus anticoagulants. [2] There is evidence that suggests it is the most sensitive test for detecting lupus anticoagulants. [3] It can also detect factor VIII inhibitors but is sensitive to unfractionated heparin as well. [4]
The main indication for testing for lupus anticoagulant is a suspected antiphospholipid syndrome, whose main manifestations are blood clots in both arteries and veins as well as pregnancy-related complications such as miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, and severe preeclampsia.
Diagnosis can be difficult and is based on a combination of symptoms and laboratory tests. [1] There are a number of other kinds of lupus erythematosus including discoid lupus erythematosus , neonatal lupus , and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus .
Mixing studies are tests performed on blood plasma of patients or test subjects to distinguish factor deficiencies from factor inhibitors, such as lupus anticoagulant, or specific factor inhibitors, such as antibodies directed against factor VIII. [1] Mixing studies are screening tests widely performed in coagulation laboratories.
Lupus erythematosus is a collection of autoimmune diseases in which the human immune system becomes hyperactive and attacks healthy tissues. [1] Symptoms of these diseases can affect many different body systems, including joints, skin, kidneys, blood cells, heart, and lungs. The most common and most severe form is systemic lupus erythematosus.
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