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Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA, SGCA, or SGCT) is a low-grade astrocytic brain tumor (astrocytoma) that arises within the ventricles of the brain. [1] It is most commonly associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Although it is a low-grade tumor, its location can potentially obstruct the ventricles and lead to hydrocephalus.
1.4.1 Pilocytic astrocytoma 1.4.2 High-grade astrocytoma with piloid features 1.4.3 Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma 1.4.4 Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma 1.4.5 Chordoid glioma 1.4.6 Astroblastoma, MN1-altered 1.5 Glioneuronal and neuronal tumours 1.5.1 Ganglioglioma 1.5.2 Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma / desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma
The prognosis for a subependymoma is better than for most ependymal tumors, [3] and it is considered a grade I tumor in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. They are classically found within the fourth ventricle , typically have a well demarcated interface to normal tissue and do not usually extend into the brain parenchyma ...
Subependymal glioma; Subependymal astrocytoma, NOS; Mixed subendymoma-ependymoma; M9384/1 Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma M9390/0 Choroid plexus papilloma, NOS M9390/1 Atypical choroid plexus papilloma M9390/3 Choroid plexus carcinoma Choroid plexus papilloma, anaplastic or malignant; M9391/3 Ependymoma, NOS
Grading of the tumor sample is a method of classification that helps the doctor to determine the severity of the astrocytoma and to decide on the best treatment options. The neuropathologist grades the tumor by looking for atypical cells, the growth of new blood vessels, and for indicators of cell division called mitotic figures. [citation needed]
Giant cell astrocytoma: (grows and blocks the cerebrospinal fluid flow, leading to dilatation of ventricles causing headache and vomiting) Cortical tubers: after which the disease is named; Subependymal nodules: form in the walls of ventricles; Classic intracranial manifestations of TSC include subependymal nodules and cortical/subcortical ...
Gliomas are named according to the specific type of cell with which they share histological features, but not necessarily from which they originate. The main types of glioma are: [53] Ependymomas: ependymal cells; Astrocytomas: astrocytes (glioblastoma multiforme is a malignant astrocytoma and the most common primary brain tumor among adults).
A giant cell (also known as a multinucleated giant cell, or multinucleate giant cell) is a mass formed by the union of several distinct cells (usually histiocytes), often forming a granuloma. [ 1 ] Although there is typically a focus on the pathological aspects of multinucleate giant cells (MGCs), they also play many important physiological roles.
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