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Salicin, a glycoside related to aspirin Chemical structure of oleandrin, a cardiac glycoside. In chemistry, a glycoside / ˈ ɡ l aɪ k ə s aɪ d / is a molecule in which a sugar is bound to another functional group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides play numerous important roles in living organisms. Many plants store chemicals in the form of ...
In humans, tissues within the liver, small intestine, spleen and kidney contain a cytosolic β-glucosidase (CBG) that hydrolyses various β-d-glycosides. This human enzyme shows significant activity towards many xenobiotics commonly found in the human diet including glycosides of phytoestrogens, flavonoids, simple phenolics and cyanogens and ...
Mutant glycoside hydrolases termed glycosynthases have been developed that can achieve the synthesis of glycosides in high yield from activated glycosyl donors such as glycosyl fluorides. Glycosynthases are typically formed from retaining glycoside hydrolases by site-directed mutagenesis of the enzymic nucleophile to some other less ...
The enzyme Trehalase is a glycoside hydrolase, produced by cells in the brush border of the small intestine, which catalyzes the conversion of trehalose to glucose ...
A glucoside is a glycoside that is chemically derived from glucose. Glucosides are common in plants, but rare in animals. Glucosides are common in plants, but rare in animals. Glucose is produced when a glucoside is hydrolysed by purely chemical means, or decomposed by fermentation or enzymes .
A substance containing a glycosidic bond is a glycoside. The term 'glycoside' is now extended to also cover compounds with bonds formed between hemiacetal (or hemiketal) groups of sugars and several chemical groups other than hydroxyls, such as -SR (thioglycosides), -SeR (selenoglycosides), -NR 1 R 2 (N-glycosides), or even -CR 1 R 2 R 3 (C ...
Most glycosyltransferase enzymes form one of two folds: GT-A or GT-B. Glycosyltransferases (GTFs, Gtfs) are enzymes that establish natural glycosidic linkages.They catalyze the transfer of saccharide moieties from an activated nucleotide sugar (also known as the "glycosyl donor") to a nucleophilic glycosyl acceptor molecule, the nucleophile of which can be oxygen- carbon-, nitrogen-, or sulfur ...
Cardiac glycosides are a class of organic compounds that increase the output force of the heart and decrease its rate of contractions by inhibiting the cellular sodium-potassium ATPase pump. [1] Their beneficial medical uses include treatments for congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias ; however, their relative toxicity prevents them ...