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Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Identified in 1986, [1] [2] activin enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
FSH levels in this time is often called basal FSH levels, to distinguish from the increased levels when approaching ovulation. [17] FSH is measured in international units (IU). For Human Urinary FSH, one IU is defined as the amount of FSH that has an activity corresponding to 0.11388 mg of pure Human Urinary FSH. [18]
Follistatin, also known as activin-bindings protein, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FST gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Follistatin is an autocrine glycoprotein that is expressed in nearly all tissues of higher animals.
This elevation in FSH is important for the recruitment of a new cohort of ovarian follicles in the subsequent cycle. [15] After menstruation begins, FSH levels decrease due to estrogen's negative feedback and inhibin B produced by the developing follicle. FSH stimulates aromatase activity in granulosa cells, converting androgens to estrogen.
Testing serum LH and FSH levels are often used to assess hypogonadism in women, particularly when menopause is believed to be happening. These levels change during a woman's normal menstrual cycle, so the history of having ceased menstruation coupled with high levels aids the diagnosis of being menopausal.
If you do have low testosterone, your healthcare provider will test your LH and FSH levels to determine if the root of your low T is in the testicles or the brain (i.e. if you have primary or ...