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The art of the Middle Ages was mainly religious, reflecting the relationship between God and man, created in His image. The animal often appears confronted or dominated by man, but a second current of thought stemming from Saint Paul and Aristotle, which developed from the 12th century onwards, includes animals and humans in the same community of living creatures.
Medieval bestiaries contained detailed descriptions and illustrations of species native to Western Europe, exotic animals and what in modern times are considered to be imaginary animals. Descriptions of the animals included the physical characteristics associated with the creature, although these were often physiologically incorrect, along with ...
This is a list of medieval bestiaries. The bestiary form is commonly divided into "families," as proposed in 1928 by M. R. James [ 1 ] and revised by Florence McCulloch in 1959–1962. In the absence of popular culture books, people in the Middle Ages in Europe took superstition for granted, and the unthinkable can easily be accepted as the ...
Peasants might hold title to land outright , or by any of several forms of land tenure, among them socage, quit-rent, leasehold, and copyhold. [3] In some contexts, "peasant" has a pejorative meaning, even when referring to farm laborers. [4]
Articles relating to peasants, pre-industrial agricultural laborers or farmers with limited land-ownership, especially those living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees, or services to a landlord.. In Europe, three classes of peasants existed: slaves, serfs, and free tenants.
The houses of medieval peasants were of poor quality compared to modern houses. The floor was normally of earth, and there was very little ventilation or sources of light in the form of windows. In addition to the human inhabitants, a number of livestock animals would also reside in the house. [42]
Articles in this category are concerned with surnames (last names in Western cultures, but family names in general), especially articles concerned with one surname. Use template {} to populate this category. However, do not use the template on disambiguation pages that contain a list of people by family name.
An example of nobility is the name of the noted writer Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, where Tomasi is the surname and Lampedusa was the family's feudal property. An ordinary use is found in the name of the American actor Leonardo DiCaprio, of Italian descent (his surname is spelled as a single word, in accordance with standard American practice ...