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Sodium cyanide is a compound with the formula Na C N and the structure Na + − C≡N. It is a white, water-soluble solid. Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt. Its main application, in gold mining, also exploits its high reactivity toward metals. It is a moderately strong base.
Among the most toxic cyanides are hydrogen cyanide (HCN), sodium cyanide (NaCN), potassium cyanide (KCN), and calcium cyanide (Ca(CN) 2). The cyanide anion is an inhibitor of the enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (also known as aa 3), the fourth complex of the electron transport chain found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic ...
The imine is then reduced to an amine by sodium cyanoborohydride. This reaction works on both aldehydes and ketones. The carbonyl can be treated with ammonia, a primary amine, or a secondary amine to produce, respectively, 1°, 2°, and 3° amines. [5] Aromatic ketones and aldehydes can be reductively deoxygenated using sodium cyanoborohydride. [6]
The cyanoacetic acid can be prepared via Kolbe nitrile synthesis using sodium chloroacetate and sodium cyanide. [3] Reaction of the sodium cyanoacetate with ethyl bromide in an aqueous–organic two-phase system in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst. [4] Oxidation of 3-ethoxypropionitrile, an ether, with oxygen under pressure in the ...
It was used to produce sodium cyanide by fusing with sodium carbonate: CaCN 2 + Na 2 CO 3 + 2 C → 2 NaCN + CaO + 2 CO. Sodium cyanide is used in cyanide process in gold mining. It can also be used in the preparation of calcium cyanide and melamine. Through hydrolysis in the presence of carbon dioxide, calcium cyanamide produces cyanamide ...
In the laboratory, this compound may be prepared by treating sodium cyanide with acetone, followed by acidification: [3]. Considering the high toxicity of acetone cyanohydrin, a lab scale production has been developed using a microreactor-scale flow chemistry [4] to avoid needing to manufacture and store large quantities of the reagent.
Cyanoacetic acid is prepared by treatment of chloroacetate salts with sodium cyanide followed by acidification. [1] [2] Electrosynthesis by cathodic reduction of carbon dioxide and anodic oxidation of acetonitrile also affords cyanoacetic acid. [3] Cyanoacetic acid is used to do cyanoacetylation, first convenient method described by J. Slätt. [4]
Sodium cyanate is isostructural with sodium fulminate, confirming the linear structure of the cyanate ion. [3] It is made industrially by heating a mixture of sodium carbonate and urea. [4] Na 2 CO 3 + 2 OC(NH 2) 2 → 2 NaNCO + CO 2 + 2 NH 3 + H 2 O. A similar reaction is used to make potassium cyanate. Cyanates are produced when cyanides are ...