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This type of diagram could be called temperature-luminosity diagram, but this term is hardly ever used; when the distinction is made, this form is called the theoretical Hertzsprung–Russell diagram instead. A peculiar characteristic of this form of the H–R diagram is that the temperatures are plotted from high temperature to low temperature ...
The Hayashi limit must be far to the right in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram which means temperatures have to be low. The Hayashi limit must be very steep. The gradient of Luminosity with respect to temperature has to be large. The Hayashi limit shifts slightly to the left in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram for increasing M.
HR diagrams for two open clusters, M67 and NGC 188, showing the main sequence turn-off at different ages.. The turnoff point for a star refers to the point on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram where it leaves the main sequence after its main fuel is exhausted – the main sequence turnoff.
The shape and position of the Hayashi track on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram depends on the star's mass and chemical composition. For solar-mass stars, the track lies at a temperature of roughly 4000 K. Stars on the track are nearly fully convective and have their opacity dominated by hydrogen ions.
The Henyey track is a path taken by pre-main-sequence stars with masses greater than 0.5 solar masses in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram after the end of the Hayashi track. The astronomer Louis G. Henyey and his colleagues in the 1950s showed that the pre-main-sequence star can remain in radiative equilibrium throughout some period of its ...
The Hertzsprung gap is a feature of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram for a star cluster. This diagram is a plot of effective temperature versus luminosity for a population of stars. The gap is named after Ejnar Hertzsprung , who first noticed the absence of stars in the region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram [ 1 ] between A5 and G0 ...
The stellar birthline is a predicted line on the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram that relates the effective temperature and luminosity of pre-main-sequence stars at the start of their contraction. [1] Prior to this point, the objects are accreting protostars , and are so deeply embedded in the cloud of dust and gas from which they are forming ...
In the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, pre-main-sequence stars with more than 0.5 M ☉ first move vertically downward along Hayashi tracks, then leftward and horizontally along Henyey tracks, until they finally halt at the main sequence.