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Laze is acid rain and air pollution arising from steam explosions and large plume clouds containing extremely acidic condensate (mainly hydrochloric acid), which occur when molten lava flows enter cold oceans. [1] [2] The term laze is a portmanteau of lava and haze.
Tephra is a generalized word for the various bits of debris launched out of a volcano during an eruption, regardless of their size. [4] Pyroclastic materials are generally categorized according to size: dust measures at <1/8 mm, ash is 1/8–2 mm, cinders are 2–64 mm, and bombs and blocks are both >64 mm. [5] Different hazards are associated with the different kinds of pyroclastic materials.
Pages in category "Acid–base disturbances" The following 17 pages are in this category, out of 17 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. A.
Sulfur ejection from volcanoes has a tremendous impact environmental impact, and is important to consider when studying the large-scale effects of volcanism. [14] Volcanoes are the primary source of the sulfur (in the form of SO 2) that ends up in the stratosphere, where it then reacts with OH radicals to form sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4). When the ...
Therefore, sudden changes in gas composition often presage a change in volcanic activity. Accordingly, a large part of hazard monitoring of volcanoes involves regular measurement of gaseous emissions. For example, an increase in the CO 2 content of gases at Stromboli has been ascribed to injection of fresh volatile-rich magma at depth within ...
Iceland is the type example of a volcanic anomaly situated on a plate boundary. Yellowstone, together with the Eastern Snake River Plain to its west, is the type example of an intra-continental volcanic anomaly. Hawaii, along with the related Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain, is the type example of an intra-oceanic volcanic anomaly. [7]
On Earth, volcanoes are most often found where tectonic plates are diverging or converging, and because most of Earth's plate boundaries are underwater, most volcanoes are found underwater. For example, a mid-ocean ridge, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates whereas the Pacific Ring of Fire has ...
Volcanoes known to have Strombolian activity include: Parícutin, Mexico, which erupted from a fissure in a cornfield in 1943. Two years into its life, pyroclastic activity began to wane, and the outpouring of lava from its base became its primary mode of activity. Eruptions ceased in 1952, and the final height was 424 m (1,391 ft).