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The game was originally designed and marketed by Henry Makow in Canada in 1984, who licensed the game to Maruca Industries–Carl Eisenberg. The game took off in the United States due to a marketing program by Maruca that resulted in the game being played twice on The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson, and featured in The Wall Street Journal along with other publications and newspapers.
Moral affect is “emotion related to matters of right and wrong”. Such emotion includes shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride; shame is correlated with the disapproval by one's peers, guilt is correlated with the disapproval of oneself, embarrassment is feeling disgraced while in the public eye, and pride is a feeling generally brought about by a positive opinion of oneself when admired by ...
One example is the Defining Issues Test (DIT) created in 1979 by James Rest, [39] originally as a pencil-and-paper alternative to the Moral Judgement Interview. [40] Heavily influenced by the six-stage model, it made efforts to improve the validity criteria by using a quantitative test, the Likert scale, to rate moral dilemmas similar to ...
William R. Bascom provided several examples of dilemma stories in his 1975 book, African Dilemma Tales, including this story, "the Missing Eye," from the Bura people: There were four blind people: a man, his mother, his wife, and his mother-in-law. On a journey the man found seven eyes. He gave his wife two eyes and took two for himself.
Today, moral psychology is a thriving area of research spanning many disciplines, [9] with major bodies of research on the biological, [10] [11] cognitive/computational [12] [13] [14] and cultural [15] [16] basis of moral judgment and behavior, and a growing body of research on moral judgment in the context of artificial intelligence. [17] [18]
The Defining Issues Test is a proprietary self-report measure [4] which uses a Likert-type scale to give quantitative ratings and rankings to issues surrounding five different moral dilemmas, or stories. Specifically, respondents rate 12 issues in terms of their importance to the corresponding dilemma and then rank the four most important issues.
The second approach "is to specify the material conditions of a moral issue, for example, that moral rules and judgments 'must bear on the interest or welfare either of society as a whole or at least of persons other than the judge or agent ' ". [9] This definition seems to be more action-based. It focuses on the outcome of a moral emotion.
Moral luck, the tendency for people to ascribe greater or lesser moral standing based on the outcome of an event. Puritanical bias, the tendency to attribute cause of an undesirable outcome or wrongdoing by an individual to a moral deficiency or lack of self-control rather than taking into account the impact of broader societal determinants . [133]