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Bihar and Orissa was a province of British India, [1] which included the present-day Indian states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and parts of Odisha.The territories were conquered by the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, and were governed by the then Indian Civil Service of the Bengal Presidency, the largest administrative subdivision in British India.
The province included the Orissa Tributary States. On 1 April 1912, the province of Bihar and Orissa was detached from Bengal, and the Orissa Tributary States were placed under the authority of the governor of Bihar and Orissa. In 1936, Orissa became a separate province with five districts, [3] comprising an area of 83,392 km 2. [4]
The office of Governor of Bihar and Orissa Province was created in 1920. Bihar had been a part of Bengal since 1756, and Orissa had been so since 1803. The two were separated from Bengal to form the province of Bihar and Orissa Province in 1912, initially governed under the authority of a Lieutenant-Governor. The offices were separated in 1936.
In 1912, the province of Bihar and Orissa was detached from Bengal, and the Orissa Tributary States were under the authority of the governor of Bihar and Orissa. In 1936 Orissa became a separate province, but the Orissa Tributary States were merged into the Eastern States Agency , which was under the direct authority of the Governor-General of ...
In 1756, Bihar was part of Bengal. On 14 October 1803, Orissa was occupied by the British Raj. [1] On 22 March 1912, both Bihar and Orissa were separated from Bengal as Bihar and Orissa Province. [2] On 1 April 1936, Bihar and Orissa became separate provinces. [3]
The Orissa famine of 1866 caused an estimated 1 million deaths. [57] Following this, large-scale irrigation projects were undertaken. [58] In 1903, the Utkal Sammilani organisation was founded to demand the unification of Odia-speaking regions into one state. [59] On 1 April 1912, the Bihar and Orissa Province was formed. [60]
Under the British Raj, Bihar particularly Patna gradually started to attain its lost glory and emerged as an important and strategic centre of learning and trade in India. From this point, Bihar remained a part of the Bengal Presidency of the British Raj until 1912, when the province of Bihar and Orissa was carved out as a separate province ...
Again West Bengal and East Bengal reunited in 1911 but the people of Bihar and Orrisa demanded a separate province based on language rather than religion. In 1912 Bihar and Orissa Province was created separating from Bengal Presidency. In 1936, Bihar and Orrisa Province divided into two new provinces: Bihar Province and Orissa Province.