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The activated protein C resistance (APCR) test is a coagulation test used in the evaluation and diagnosis of activated protein C (APC) resistance, a form of hypercoagulability. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Hereditary APC resistance is usually caused by the factor V Leiden mutation, whereas acquired APC resistance has been linked to antiphospholipid antibodies ...
Activated protein C resistance (APCR) Protein C Anticoagulant Pathway: Thrombin escaping from a site of vascular injury binds to its receptor thrombomodulin (TM) on the intact cell surface. As a result, thrombin loses its procoagulant properties and instead becomes a potent activator of protein C. Activated protein C (APC) functions as a ...
ETP-based activated protein C resistance test (ETP-based APCR) Thrombodynamics test. Non-homogenous: realization of the three-dimensional model of the clot growth; Use of platelet free plasma; Record of information about the clot formation as a diagram, giving the possibility to calculate the key parameters of the blood coagulation system
Coagulation activation markers are biomarkers of net activation of coagulation and fibrinolysis. [1] [2] Examples include prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2), thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), fibrinopeptide A (FpA), fibrin monomers (FMs), plasmin-α 2-antiplasmin complex (PAP), activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI), and D-dimer (DD).
There have also been cases in patients with other deficiency, including protein S deficiency, [6] [7] activated protein C resistance (Factor V Leiden) [8] and antithrombin III deficiency. [ 9 ] Although the above hypothesis is the most commonly accepted, others believe that it is a hypersensitivity reaction or a direct toxic effect.
Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC-PCI) is a complex of activated protein C (APC) and protein C inhibitor (PCI). [1] [2] [3] It has been measured in coagulation testing to evaluate coagulation, thrombosis, and other cardiovascular complications. [2] [3] [4] It is a marker of thrombin generation and indicates hypercoagulability.
Antithrombin III deficiency (abbreviated ATIII deficiency) is a deficiency of antithrombin III.This deficiency may be inherited or acquired. [1] It is a rare hereditary disorder that generally comes to light when a patient suffers recurrent venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, and repetitive intrauterine fetal death (IUFD). [2]
Protein C, also known as autoprothrombin IIA and blood coagulation factor XIV, [5]: 6822 [6] is a zymogen, that is, an inactive enzyme.The activated form plays an important role in regulating anticoagulation, inflammation, and cell death and maintaining the permeability of blood vessel walls in humans and other animals.