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  2. Non-constructive algorithm existence proofs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-constructive_algorithm...

    The non-constructive part here is the Robertson–Seymour theorem. Although it guarantees that there is a finite number of minor-minimal elements it does not tell us what these elements are. Therefore, we cannot really execute the "algorithm" mentioned above. But, we do know that an algorithm exists and that its runtime is polynomial.

  3. P versus NP problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P_versus_NP_problem

    A non-constructive proof might show a solution exists without specifying either an algorithm to obtain it or a specific bound. Even if the proof is constructive, showing an explicit bounding polynomial and algorithmic details, if the polynomial is not very low-order the algorithm might not be sufficiently efficient in practice.

  4. List of undecidable problems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_undecidable_problems

    Redwood City, California: Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company, Inc. Appendix C includes impossibility of algorithms deciding if a grammar contains ambiguities, and impossibility of verifying program correctness by an algorithm as example of Halting Problem. Halava, Vesa (1997).

  5. Algorithmic Lovász local lemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithmic_Lovász_local...

    The algorithm then enters the main loop which is executed until all events in are avoided, at which point the algorithm returns the current assignment. At each iteration of the main loop, the algorithm picks an arbitrary satisfied event A (either randomly or deterministically) and resamples all the random variables that determine A .

  6. Proof by contradiction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_by_contradiction

    Formally the law of non-contradiction is written as ¬(P ∧ ¬P) and read as "it is not the case that a proposition is both true and false". The law of non-contradiction neither follows nor is implied by the principle of Proof by contradiction. The laws of excluded middle and non-contradiction together mean that exactly one of P and ¬P is true.

  7. 12 unexpected ways algorithms control your life

    www.aol.com/12-unexpected-ways-algorithms...

    Mashable’s series Algorithms explores the mysterious lines of code that increasingly control our lives — and our futures. Blame the algorithm. Algorithms are behind many mundane, but still ...

  8. Existence theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existence_theorem

    From the other direction, there has been considerable clarification of what constructive mathematics is—without the emergence of a 'master theory'. For example, according to Errett Bishop's definitions, the continuity of a function such as sin(x) should be proved as a constructive bound on the modulus of continuity, meaning that the existential content of the assertion of continuity is a ...

  9. NP (complexity) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NP_(complexity)

    An algorithm that verifies whether a given subset has sum zero is a verifier. Clearly, summing the integers of a subset can be done in polynomial time, and the subset sum problem is therefore in NP. The above example can be generalized for any decision problem.