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Because red blood cells (erythrocytes) have a higher concentration of protein (e.g., hemoglobin) than serum, serum has a higher water content and consequently more dissolved glucose than does whole blood. To convert from whole-blood glucose, multiplication by 1.14 [35] has been shown to generally give the serum/plasma level.
The cells will use glucose for energy as normal, and any glucose not used for energy will enter the polyol pathway. When blood glucose is normal (about 100 mg/dL or 5.5 mmol/L), this interchange causes no problems, as aldose reductase has a low affinity for glucose at normal concentrations. [citation needed]
Much evidence suggests that many of the long-term complications of diabetes, result from many years of hyperglycemia (elevated levels of glucose in the blood). [11] "Perfect glycemic control" would mean that glucose levels were always normal (70–130 mg/dL or 3.9–7.2 mmol/L) and indistinguishable from a person without diabetes.
The reference values for a "normal" random glucose test in an average adult are 80–140mg/dl (4.4–7.8 mmol/l), between 140 and 200mg/dl (7.8–11.1 mmol/l) is considered pre-diabetes [citation needed], and ≥ 200 mg/dl is considered diabetes according to ADA guidelines [1] (you should visit your doctor or a clinic for additional tests however as a random glucose of > 160mg/dl does not ...
The normal, nondiabetic range for fasting blood glucose is between 70 and 110 mg/dL (5 – 7 mmol/L), depending on the person (there is some variations between individuals), whether the blood is from a vein or a capillary, and depending on how the measurement is made (e.g., on whole blood or just the plasma).
The glucose tolerance test was first described in 1923 by Jerome W. Conn. [4]The test was based on the previous work in 1913 by A. T. B. Jacobson in determining that carbohydrate ingestion results in blood glucose fluctuations, [5] and the premise (named the Staub-Traugott Phenomenon after its first observers H. Staub in 1921 and K. Traugott in 1922) that a normal patient fed glucose will ...
The glucose is typically in the range of 140–300 mg/dl (7.8-16.7 mM) but occasionally can exceed 500 mg/dl (28 mM), especially if amplified by drugs or intravenous glucose. The blood glucose usually returns to normal within hours unless predisposing drugs and intravenous glucose are continued. [citation needed]
The cells release the glucose into the bloodstream, increasing blood sugar levels. Hypoglycemia, the state of having low blood sugar, is treated by restoring the blood glucose level to normal by the ingestion or administration of dextrose or carbohydrate foods. It is often self-diagnosed and self-medicated orally by the ingestion of balanced meals.