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Less common symptoms include vomiting and blood in the stool. [1] Symptoms usually begin one to three weeks after exposure and, without treatment, may last two to six weeks or longer. [4] Giardiasis usually spreads when Giardia duodenalis cysts within faeces contaminate food or water that is later consumed orally. [1]
The cyst contains four nuclei, axonemes, median bodies as well as the rigid cyst wall. Additionally, the cysts contain fragments of the adhesive disc within the cytoplasm. [8] [16] The two-layered cyst wall protects the parasite against different environmental conditions such as chemical treatments. The metabolic activity of the cyst is ...
About 40 species have been described, but most of them are probably synonyms. [11] Currently, five to six morphologically distinct species are recognised. [12] Giardia duodenalis (=G. intestinalis, =G. lamblia) infect humans and other mammals, G. microti infects voles, G. muris is found in other mammals, G. ardeae and G. psittaci in birds, and G. agilis in amphibians. [4]
The diplomonads (Greek for "two units") [2] are a group of flagellates, most of which are parasitic. They include Giardia duodenalis , which causes giardiasis in humans. [ 3 ] They are placed among the metamonads , and appear to be particularly close relatives of the retortamonads .
Giardiasis is a disease of the small intestine caused by a protist parasite Giardia lamblia. This does not spread but remains confined to the lumen of the small intestine. [47] It can often be asymptomatic, but as often can be indicated by a variety of symptoms. Giardiasis is the most common pathogenic parasitic infection in humans. [48]
This disease does not have very specific symptoms and was vaguely mentioned. However vague the reference, it is one of the few that connect the disease to the hookworm parasite. [3]: 174 Another documented disease is elephantiasis. Symptoms of this disease are highly visible, since it causes extreme swelling in the limbs, breasts, and genitals.
General symptoms Hepatitis A: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) Can manifest itself in water (and food) Symptoms are only acute (no chronic stage to the virus) and include Fatigue, fever, malaise, abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, itching, jaundice, and depression. Hepatitis E Hepatitis E virus (HEV)
[1] [10] Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and a feeling of incomplete defecation. [2] [6] [11] Complications may include dehydration. [3] The cause of dysentery is usually the bacteria from genus Shigella, in which case it is known as shigellosis, or the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica; then it is called amoebiasis. [1]