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Free-living amoebae (or "FLA") [1] are a group of protozoa that are important causes of infectious disease in humans and animals.. Naegleria fowleri is often included in the group "free-living amoebae", [2] [3] and this species causes a usually fatal condition traditionally called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
Amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by a parasitic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. [3] [4] Amoebiasis can be present with no, mild, or severe symptoms. [2] Symptoms may include lethargy, loss of weight, colonic ulcerations, abdominal pain, diarrhea, or bloody diarrhea.
The first case of amoebiasis was documented in 1875 and in 1891 the disease was described in detail, resulting in the terms amoebic dysentery and amoebic liver abscess. Further evidence from the Philippines in 1913 found that upon ingesting cysts of E. histolytica volunteers developed the disease.
For example, Shigella is a longstanding World Health Organization (WHO) target for vaccine development, and sharp declines in age-specific diarrhea/dysentery attack rates for this pathogen indicate that natural immunity does develop following exposure; thus, vaccination to prevent this disease should be feasible. The development of vaccines ...
Usual ways of transmission are by feeding of larvae by worker bees [5] or through feces, where the cysts can survive up to one month. Drones and queen bees are mostly unaffected. [6] Infected bees can spread the disease further by traveling off to other hives. Cross section of Malpighian tubule. The bottom tubule infested with M. mellificae
Absorption through the damaged wall of the intestinal tract can result in permanent hearing loss and kidney damage. Recommended dosage: metronidazole 750 mg three times a day orally, for 5 to 10 days followed by paromomycin 30 mg/kg/day orally in 3 equal doses for 5 to 10 days or Diloxanide furoate 500 mg 3 times a day orally for 10 days, to ...
Entamoeba coli is a non-pathogenic species of Entamoeba that frequently exists as a commensal parasite in the human gastrointestinal tract. E. coli (not to be confused with the bacterium Escherichia coli) is important in medicine because it can be confused during microscopic examination of stained stool specimens with the pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica. [1]
Intestinal infectious diseases include a large number of infections of the bowels, including cholera, typhoid fever, paratyphoid fever, other types of salmonella infections, shigellosis, botulism, gastroenteritis, and amoebiasis among others. [1] Typhoid and paratyphoid resulted in 221,000 deaths in 2013 down from 259,000 deaths in 1990. [2]