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An important use of Spanish slate is as a roofing material, often being specified by building professionals as a result of its aesthetic appearance and durability characteristics. Slate is particularly suitable as a roofing material as it has an extremely low water absorption index of less than 0.4%.
The world's biggest consumer of slate is France, followed by the UK, USA and Germany. In 2012, Spain produced more than 580,000 tonnes (570,000 long tons; 640,000 short tons) of slate worth about $380 million. This made it the largest slate producer in the world, followed by China and Brazil. [3]
Slate has been quarried in north Wales for almost two millennia with the Segontium Roman fort at Caernarfon being roofed by local slate in the late second century. Export of slate has been carried out for several centuries, which was recently confirmed by the discovery in the Menai Strait of the wreck of a 16th-century wooden ship carrying finished slates.
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Clay and slate tiles are stable materials and naturally resistant to chemical decomposition, however plastic composite tiles and concrete tiles will experience inevitable decay over time. As a result of this, high-quality clay and slate tiles have a proven lifespan of over 100 years, whereas synthetic and concrete tiles usually have a practical ...
Slate is incredibly durable and can last several hundred years, [20] often with little or no maintenance. [18] Natural slate is also fire resistant and energy efficient. [21] Slate roof tiles are usually fixed (fastened) either with nails or with hooks (as is common with Spanish slate). [22]
Of course, cost per kg is not the only important factor in material selection. An important concept is 'cost per unit of function'. For example, if the key design objective was the stiffness of a plate of the material, as described in the introductory paragraph above, then the designer would need a material with the optimal combination of ...
A measure of 100 by 100 varas (Spanish) is almost 7000 square meters, and is known traditionally throughout Spain and Latin America as a manzana (i.e., a "city block"). As well, lumber is still measured in Costa Rica using a system based on 4 vara, or 11 feet, for both round and square wood.