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Beta blocker. Skeletal formula of propranolol, the first clinically successful beta blocker. Beta blockers, also spelled β-blockers, are a class of medications that are predominantly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia), and to protect the heart from a second heart attack after a first heart attack (secondary prevention). [1]
Bisoprolol. Bisoprolol, sold under the brand name Zebeta among others, is a beta blocker which is selective for the beta-1 receptor [ 7 ] and used for cardiovascular diseases, [ 7 ] including tachyarrhythmias, high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure. [ 7 ][ 8 ] It is taken by mouth. [ 7 ]
Propranolol is a medication of the beta blocker class. [2] It is used to treat high blood pressure, a number of types of irregular heart rate, thyrotoxicosis, capillary hemangiomas, performance anxiety, and essential tremors, [2] [3] [4] as well to prevent migraine headaches, and to prevent further heart problems in those with angina or previous heart attacks. [2]
There are two main groups of adrenoreceptors, α and β, with 9 subtypes in total: α receptors are subdivided into α 1 (a G q coupled receptor) and α 2 (a G i coupled receptor) [ 7 ] α 1 has 3 subtypes: α 1A, α 1B and α 1D[ a ] α 2 has 3 subtypes: α 2A, α 2B and α 2C. β receptors are subdivided into β 1, β 2 and β 3.
Adrenergic blocking agent. Adrenergic blocking agents are a class of drugs that exhibit its pharmacological action through inhibiting the action of the sympathetic nervous system [1] in the body. The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is an autonomic nervous system that we cannot control by will. It triggers a series of responses after the body ...
They work by inhibiting the synthesis, release, or reuptake of the neurotransmitters or by antagonising the receptors on postsynaptic neurones. Their medical uses, mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and contraindications depend on the specific types of adrenergic blockers used, including alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2.
Beta-1 adrenergic receptor. The beta-1 adrenergic receptor (β 1 adrenoceptor), also known as ADRB1, can refer to either the protein-encoding gene (gene ADRB1) or one of the four adrenergic receptors. [ 5 ] It is a G-protein coupled receptor associated with the Gs heterotrimeric G-protein that is expressed predominantly in cardiac tissue.
An adrenergic antagonist is a drug that inhibits the function of adrenergic receptors. There are five adrenergic receptors, which are divided into two groups. The first group of receptors are the beta (β) adrenergic receptors. There are β 1, β 2, and β 3 receptors. The second group contains the alpha (α) adrenoreceptors.