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  2. Fragmentation (mass spectrometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(mass...

    Fragmentation is a type of chemical dissociation, in which the removal of the electron from the molecule results in ionization. Removal of electrons from either sigma bond, pi bond or nonbonding orbitals causes the ionization. [2] This can take place by a process of homolytic cleavage or homolysis or heterolytic cleavage or heterolysis of the bond.

  3. Mass spectral interpretation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectral_interpretation

    Mass spectral interpretation. Mass spectral interpretation is the method employed to identify the chemical formula, characteristic fragment patterns and possible fragment ions from the mass spectra. [1][2] Mass spectra is a plot of relative abundance against mass-to-charge ratio. It is commonly used for the identification of organic compounds ...

  4. Mass spectrum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrum

    The x-axis of a mass spectrum represents a relationship between the mass of a given ion and the number of elementary charges that it carries. This is written as the IUPAC standard m/z to denote the quantity formed by dividing the mass of an ion (in daltons) by the dalton unit and by its charge number (positive absolute value).

  5. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-dimensional_nuclear...

    The two dimensions of a two-dimensional NMR experiment are two frequency axes representing a chemical shift. Each frequency axis is associated with one of the two time variables, which are the length of the evolution period (the evolution time) and the time elapsed during the detection period (the detection time).

  6. Mass spectrometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_spectrometry

    The tandem mass spectrometry data on over 930,000 molecular standards (as of January 2024) [33] [36] is provided to facilitate the identification of chemical entities from tandem mass spectrometry experiments. [37] In addition to the identification of known molecules it is also useful for identifying unknowns using its similarity searching ...

  7. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_nuclear_magnetic...

    Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (proton NMR, hydrogen-1 NMR, or 1H NMR) is the application of nuclear magnetic resonance in NMR spectroscopy with respect to hydrogen-1 nuclei within the molecules of a substance, in order to determine the structure of its molecules. [1] In samples where natural hydrogen (H) is used, practically all the ...

  8. Retrosynthetic analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrosynthetic_analysis

    Retrosynthetic analysis. Retrosynthetic analysis is a technique for solving problems in the planning of organic syntheses. This is achieved by transforming a target molecule into simpler precursor structures regardless of any potential reactivity/interaction with reagents. Each precursor material is examined using the same method.

  9. Conformational isomerism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conformational_isomerism

    Conformational isomerism. Rotation about single bond of butane to interconvert one conformation to another. The gauche conformation on the right is a conformer, while the eclipsed conformation on the left is a transition state between conformers. Above: Newman projection; below: depiction of spatial orientation.