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Today in Norway and Sweden, reindeer husbandry is legally protected as an exclusive Sámi livelihood, such that only persons of Sámi descent with a linkage to a reindeer herding family can own, and hence make a living off, reindeer. Presently, about 2,800 people are engaged in reindeer herding in Norway. [10]
Sámi history. A Sámi family in Norway around 1900. The Sámi people (also Saami) are a Native people of northern Europe inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses northern parts of Sweden, Norway, Finland, and the Kola Peninsula of Russia. The traditional Sámi lifestyle, dominated by hunting, fishing and trading, was preserved until the Late ...
The herding area stretches from the border with Finland to the province of Dalarna, covering an area of 226 000 km 2 about 55% of Sweden. [8] Reindeer herding employs about 2,500 people in Sweden and the number of reindeer owners is a total of about 4,600 people. According to figures from 2005, 77% of the country's reindeer are owned by men. [9]
A Swedish study from 2007 has concluded that the haplogroups U5b1b and V (those which dominate mitochondrial DNA among Sámi from northernmost Sweden, Norway and Finland) likely came to the area very soon after the Ice Age ended. They may have come either from the European continent, or from the Volga-Ural region of Russia, or from both ...
Sundrum herd (R.t. tarandus). The reindeer (caribou in North America) is a widespread and numerous species in the northern Holarctic, being present in both tundra and taiga (boreal forest). [1] Originally, the reindeer was found in Scandinavia, eastern Europe, Russia, Mongolia, and northern China north of the 50th latitude.
But there is a difference within the Sami group in Sweden according to their study. North Sami (Sami in the North of Swedish Lapland) belong to haplogroup V with 58.6% and South Sami (Sami in the South of Swedish Lapland) within reindeer herding to 37.0% and South Sami outside reindeer herding/other occupation to 8.7%.
The reindeer or caribou [a] (Rangifer tarandus) [5] is a species of deer with circumpolar distribution, native to Arctic, subarctic, tundra, boreal, and mountainous regions of Northern Europe, Siberia, and North America. [2] It is the only representative of the genus Rangifer. More recent studies suggest the splitting of reindeer and caribou ...
Siida. A siida is an organisation of humans traditionally present in Sámi societies consisting of several families of reindeer herders whose reindeer graze together. [1]: 107–109 [2] Siidas traditionally encompassed more resources than reindeer, [1]: 108 but after changes in Sámi societies over the course of the 1600s, only reindeer herders ...