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Today in Norway and Sweden, reindeer husbandry is legally protected as an exclusive Sámi livelihood, such that only persons of Sámi descent with a linkage to a reindeer herding family can own, and hence make a living off, reindeer. Presently, about 2,800 people are engaged in reindeer herding in Norway. [10]
Authority to promulgate rules regarding the ownership and maintenance of reindeer herds was delegated to the Bureau of Indian Affairs via the Secretary of the Interior, who banned most transactions to non-natives. [17] The act was modeled in part on Norwegian and Swedish policies on the ownership of reindeer by the Sami people of Sápmi. Many ...
The herding area stretches from the border with Finland to the province of Dalarna, covering an area of 226 000 km 2 about 55% of Sweden. [8] Reindeer herding employs about 2,500 people in Sweden and the number of reindeer owners is a total of about 4,600 people. According to figures from 2005, 77% of the country's reindeer are owned by men. [9]
The Sámi, the indigenous people of Sápmi (spanning parts of Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Russia's Kola Peninsula), have had a limited migration history to North America. Some Sámi individuals, particularly those involved in reindeer herding, migrated to the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to assist in reindeer-based ...
In the 1890s, it recruited approximately a hundred Sámi to introduce reindeer herding. [21] However, the Reindeer Act of 1937 made ownership of Reindeer by non-Alaskan Natives illegal and most Sámi left Alaska. [22] An estimated 30,000 people of Sami ancestry live in North America.
Siida. A siida is an organisation of humans traditionally present in Sámi societies consisting of several families of reindeer herders whose reindeer graze together. [1]: 107–109 [2] Siidas traditionally encompassed more resources than reindeer, [1]: 108 but after changes in Sámi societies over the course of the 1600s, only reindeer herders ...
Traditionally, the cuisine of Sápmi has been based on local materials, like fish, game, reindeer and berries. [1] Berries have been important food, because other kinds of fruits or vegetables were not available during the long winters. Nowadays berries are parts of delicate sauces and desserts. The most valued berry of Sápmi is the cloudberry.
In Mongolia, the Dukha are known as the reindeer people. They are credited as one of the world's earliest domesticators. The Dukha diet consists mainly of reindeer dairy products. [227] Reindeer husbandry is common in northern Fennoscandia (northern Norway, Sweden and Finland) and the Russian North. In some human groups such as the Eveny, wild ...