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  2. Black Sea deluge hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_deluge_hypothesis

    In 1997, William Ryan, Walter Pitman, Petko Dimitrov, and their colleagues first published the Black Sea deluge hypothesis. They proposed that a catastrophic inflow of Mediterranean seawater into the Black Sea freshwater lake occurred around 7,600 years ago, c. 5600 BCE. [3][4] As proposed, the Early Holocene Black Sea flood scenario describes ...

  3. Black Sea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea

    The Black Sea is a marginal mediterranean sea lying between Europe and Asia, east of the Balkans, south of the East European Plain, west of the Caucasus, and north of Anatolia. It is bounded by Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine. The Black Sea is supplied by major rivers, principally the Danube, Dnieper and Dniester.

  4. Zanclean flood - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanclean_flood

    The Zanclean flood or Zanclean deluge is theorized to have refilled the Mediterranean Sea 5.33 million years ago. [1] This flooding ended the Messinian salinity crisis and reconnected the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean, although it is possible that even before the flood there were partial connections to the Atlantic Ocean. [2]

  5. Bosporus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosporus

    Bosporus. A map depicting the locations of the Turkish Straits, with the Bosporus in red, and the Dardanelles in yellow. The territory of Turkey is highlighted in green. Close-up satellite image of the Bosporus Strait, taken from the International Space Station in April 2004. The body of water at the top is the Black Sea, the one at the bottom ...

  6. Euxinia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euxinia

    The Black Sea is a commonly used modern model for understanding biogeochemical processes that occur under euxinic conditions. [42] It is thought to represent the conditions of Earth's proto-oceans and thus assists in the interpretation of oceanic proxies. [42] Black Sea sediment contains redox reactions to depths of tens of meters, compared to ...

  7. Outburst flood - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outburst_flood

    A rising sea flood, the proposed and much-discussed refilling of the freshwater glacial Black Sea with water from the Aegean, has been described as "a violent rush of salt water into a depressed fresh-water lake in a single catastrophe that has been the inspiration for the flood mythology" (Ryan and Pitman, 1998). The marine incursion, caused ...

  8. Tethys Ocean - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tethys_Ocean

    First phase of the Tethys Ocean's forming: the (first) Tethys Sea starts dividing Pangaea into two supercontinents, Laurasia and Gondwana.. The Tethys Ocean (/ ˈ t iː θ ɪ s, ˈ t ɛ-/ TEETH-iss, TETH-; Greek: Τηθύς Tēthús), also called the Tethys Sea or the Neo-Tethys, was a prehistoric ocean during much of the Mesozoic Era and early-mid Cenozoic Era.

  9. Sea of Azov - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_of_Azov

    The Sea of Azov is an internal sea with passage to the Atlantic Ocean going through the Black, Marmara, Aegean and Mediterranean seas. It is connected to the Black Sea by the Strait of Kerch, which at its narrowest has a width of 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) and a maximum depth of 15 metres (49 ft). [ 1 ] The narrowness of the Kerch Strait limits the ...