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Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism that have similar genes, although not necessarily identical. [4] There are two main properties of homologous chromosomes: 1) the length of chromosomal arms and 2) the placement of the centromere.
Humans, along with other animals and plants, have linear chromosomes that are arranged in pairs within the nucleus of the cell. The only human cells that do not contain pairs of chromosomes are reproductive cells, or gametes, which carry just one copy of each chromosome.
Homologous chromosomes are two pieces of DNA within a diploid organism which carry the same genes, one from each parental source. In simpler terms, both of your parents provide a complete genome. Each parent provides the same 23 chromosomes, which encode the same genes.
Learn about DNA and chromosomes, including their structure and function, in this comprehensive article.
Homologous chromosomes are chromosome pairs inherited from each parent. They are similar in gene position but may contain different alleles.
A homologous chromosome pertains to one of a pair of chromosomes with the same gene sequence, loci, chromosomal length, and centromere location. A homologous pair consists of one paternal and one maternal chromosome.
Normally, each pair consists of one chromosome from the mother and one from the father. There are 22 pairs of nonsex (autosomal) chromosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. Paired nonsex chromosomes are, for practical purposes, identical in size, shape, and position and number of genes.