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Metal coil springs are made by winding a wire around a shaped former – a cylinder is used to form cylindrical coil springs. Illustration of various arc springs and arc spring systems (systems consisting of inner and outer arc springs). Coil springs for vehicles are typically made of hardened steel. A machine called an auto-coiler takes spring ...
Pulling the car backward (hence the name) winds up an internal spiral spring; a flat spiral rather than a helical coil spring. When released, the car is propelled forward by the spring. When the spring has unwound and the car is moving, the motor is disengaged by a clutch or ratchet and the car then rolls freely onward. [3]
The coil springs usually bear on a pad alongside the stub-axle. Often, the shock is collinear with the spring forming a coil-over. In many cases, the damper is also used as a restraint strap to stop the arm descending so far that the coil spring falls out through being completely unloaded.
Coil springs first appeared on a production vehicle in 1906 in the Brush Runabout made by the Brush Motor Company. Today, coil springs are used in most cars. In 1920, Leyland Motors used torsion bars in a suspension system. In 1922, independent front suspension was pioneered on Lancia Lambda, and became more common in mass market cars from 1932 ...
Zero-length spring is a term for a specially designed coil spring that would exert zero force if it had zero length. That is, in a line graph of the spring's force versus its length, the line passes through the origin. A real coil spring will not contract to zero length because at some point the coils touch each other.
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The shock absorber and coil spring mount to the wishbones to control vertical movement. Double wishbone designs allow the engineer to carefully control the motion of the wheel throughout suspension travel, controlling such parameters as camber angle , caster angle , toe pattern, roll center height, scrub radius , scuff ( mechanical abrasion ...
Preload is the pressure exerted on a spring over the distance it is compressed. A higher preload means a stiffer spring and a lower preload results in a softer spring with more travel. This is true if the coilover uses progressive springs. On coilovers with linear springs preload has no effect on spring rate.