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Bone marrow suppression also known as myelotoxicity or myelosuppression, is the decrease in production of cells responsible for providing immunity , carrying oxygen (erythrocytes), and/or those responsible for normal blood clotting (thrombocytes). [1]
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a form of blood cancer in which the bone marrow no longer produces enough healthy, normal blood cells. [9] MDS are a frequently unrecognized and rare group of bone marrow failure disorders, yet the incidence rate has rose from 143 reported cases in 1973 to approximately 15,000 cases in the United States each year.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous group of immune cells from the myeloid lineage (a family of cells that originate from bone marrow stem cells). MDSCs expand under pathologic conditions such as chronic infection and cancer, as a result of altered haematopoiesis . [ 1 ]
Bone marrow is a semi-solid tissue found within the spongy (also known as cancellous) portions of bones. [2] In birds and mammals, bone marrow is the primary site of new blood cell production (or haematopoiesis). [3] It is composed of hematopoietic cells, marrow adipose tissue, and supportive stromal cells.
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Overall, the five-year survival rate is higher than 75% among recipients of bone marrow transplantation. [39] Older people (who are generally too frail to undergo bone marrow transplants) and people who are unable to find a good bone marrow match have five-year survival rates of up to 35% when undergoing immune suppression. [40] Relapses are ...
Iatrogenic causes of pancytopenia include chemotherapy for malignancies if the drug or drugs used cause bone marrow suppression. Rarely, drugs (antibiotics, blood pressure medication, heart medication) can cause pancytopenia. For example, the antibiotic chloramphenicol can cause pancytopenia in some individuals. [1]
Common side effects include bone-marrow suppression and vomiting. [5] Bone-marrow suppression is especially common in people with a genetic deficiency of the enzyme thiopurine S-methyltransferase. [5] Other serious risk factors include an increased risk of certain cancers. [5] Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby. [5]