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In the past, waste was simply left in piles or thrown into pits (known in archeology as middens). Landfills take up a lot of land and pose environmental risks. Some landfill sites are used for waste management purposes, such as temporary storage, consolidation and transfer, or for various stages of processing waste material, such as sorting ...
They are called "closed" because products have a circular life cycle, beginning as raw materials and either being recycled into replacement products, returning to the original raw materials, or being returned to the environment as biodegradable waste. [2] This reduces the amount of (non-biodegradable) waste disposed, as recyclables are ...
Waste comes in many different forms and may be categorized in a variety of ways. The types listed here are not necessarily exclusive and there may be considerable overlap so that one waste entity may fall into one to many types.
Landfills waste are categorized by either being hazardous, non-hazardous or inert waste. In order for a landfill design to be considered it must abide by the following requirements: final landforms profile, site capacity, settlement, waste density, materials requirements and drainage.
Landfills are the primary method of waste disposal in many parts of the world, including United States and Canada.Bioreactor landfills are expected to reduce the amount of and costs associated with management of leachate, to increase the rate of production of methane (natural gas) for commercial purposes and reduce the amount of land required for land-fills.
Different types of waste input (such as plant waste, food waste, tyres) placed in the pyrolysis process potentially yield an alternative to fossil fuels. [53] Pyrolysis is a process of thermo-chemical decomposition of organic materials by heat in the absence of stoichiometric quantities of oxygen ; the decomposition produces various hydrocarbon ...
A majority of food waste food is avoidable, with the rest being divided almost equally into foods which are unavoidable [clarification needed] (e.g. tea bags) and those that are unavoidable due to preference [clarification needed] (e.g. bread crusts) or cooking type (e.g. potato skins).
Inert waste is waste which is neither chemically nor biologically reactive and will not decompose or only very slowly. Examples of this are sand, concrete , and demolition waste . This has particular relevance to landfills as inert waste typically requires lower disposal fees than biodegradable waste or hazardous waste .