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The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), [1] cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), [2] or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and women). [3]
Georgios Nikolaou Papanikolaou (or George Papanicolaou / ˌ p æ p ə ˈ n ɪ k ə l aʊ /; Greek: Γεώργιος Ν. Παπανικολάου [papanikoˈlau]; 13 May 1883 – 19 February 1962) was a Greek physician, zoologist and microscopist who was a pioneer in cytopathology and early cancer detection, and inventor of the pap smear for detection of cervical cancer.
[1] [2] [3] The Papanicolaou stain is one of the most widely used stains in cytology, [1] where it is used to aid pathologists in making a diagnosis. Although most notable for its use in the detection of cervical cancer in the Pap test or Pap smear, it is also used to stain non- gynecological specimen preparations from a variety of bodily ...
Andromachi "Mary" Mavrogeni Papanikolaou [note 1] (1890-13 October 1982) was a Greek laboratory technician and the wife of Georgios Papanikolaou, the Greek pathologist who independently invented the pap test. For 21 years, Mary Papanikolaou volunteered to have her cervix sampled and smeared by her husband to help with his efforts to create the ...
Nikolaos Spyridon Papanikolaou (born 31 August 2000) [1] is a Greek water polo player. He represented Greece at the 2024 Summer Olympics. References
Papanikolaou trained in the United States at San Jose State College and was part of their 1969 NCAA Men's Outdoor Track and Field Championship team coached by Lloyd (Bud) Winter. [2] At the 1970 Universiade in Turin, Papanikolaou finished second behind Wolfgang Nordwig, who won the event with a new world record of 5.46 metres.
Standing at 2.04 m (6'8 1 ⁄ 2 "), [1] [2] he plays at the small forward position. He is widely considered among the best defensive players in European basketball. [3] A back-to-back EuroLeague champion with Olympiacos in 2012 and 2013, Papanikolaou was the EuroLeague Finals Top Scorer in 2012 and won the EuroLeague Rising Star award in 2013.
Papanicolaou was born on January 23, 1943, in Athens, Greece.He received his B.E.E. from Union College and his M.S. and Ph.D. from New York University (NYU) in 1969. His PhD thesis, performed under the supervision of Joseph Bishop Keller was entitled "On Stochastic Differential Equations and Applications". [2]